This pattern indicates cue integration and was shared by the majority of observers. While sensitivity for these two observers differed, sensitivity in the combined cues condition was greater than when either cue was presented in isolation. (Center) Observer with poorer sensitivity in all four conditions. (Left) Observer with relatively high sensitivity in all four conditions. To visualize overlapping figure elements, we dashed some lines and enlarged some data points. Curves are cumulative Gaussian fits to the psychometric data. Positive (negative) coherences indicate that signal dots moved toward (away from) the observer. Sensitivity to the visual cues that signal MID varied across individuals. Laboratory assessments may thus underestimate the sensitivity of inexperienced observers to MID, especially for binocular cues. This result suggests that observers may discount binocular cues when they are first encountered in a VR environment. Notably, most observers were unable to distinguish the direction of MID based on binocular cues above chance level when tested early in the experiment, whereas most showed statistically significant sensitivity to binocular cues when tested late in the experiment. As observers gained experience in the VR task, sensitivity to monocular and binocular cues increased. Surprisingly, the addition of motion parallax signals appeared to cause observers to rely almost exclusively on monocular cues. As expected, sensitivity was greater when monocular and binocular cues were presented together than in isolation. We tested a large cohort of observers who reported having no prior VR experience and found that binocular cue sensitivity was substantially weaker than monocular cue sensitivity. Here we evaluated the impact of experience on motion-in-depth (MID) sensitivity in a virtual reality (VR) environment. For example, the appearance of weak binocular sensitivity may relate to extensive prior experience with two-dimensional (2D) displays in which binocular cues are not informative. However, laboratory assessments may reflect factors beyond inherent perceptual sensitivity. In the laboratory, sensitivity to different three-dimensional (3D) motion cues varies across observers and is often weak for binocular cues. The visual system exploits multiple signals, including monocular and binocular cues, to determine the motion of objects through depth.
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